Imprinting apparatus



April 5, 1938. E. c. WELLS IMPRINTING APPARATUS Filed May 27, 1955 3Sheets-Sheet l attorney April 5, 1938. c, WELLS 2,112,942

IMPR INT ING APPARATUS Filed May 27, 1935 3 Shets-Sheet 2 Zhwentor A iil5,, 938;

E. c. WELLS 2,112,942

IMPRINTING APPARATUS Filed May 27, 1935 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 174 I76 0 Q 0l/ Patented Apr. 5, 1938 IMPRINTING APPARATUS Edward 0. Wells, Dayton,Ohio, assignor to Platt Iron Works, Inc., Dayton, Ohio. corporation ofNew York Application May 27, 1935, Serial No. 23,672

' 25 Claims. (Cl. 197-.84)

This invention relates to imprinting apparatus, and more particularly toapparatus for imprinting characters in justified lines.

One of the principal objects of the inventio is the provision ofjustifying apparatus that is simple in construction, is effective inoperation, and which will accurately reproduce unjustified copy to linesof justified length within a wide range of line lengths.

Another object of the invention islthe provision of justifying apparatusthat is arranged to readily receive a standard typewriter or the like inoperating assembly therewith, in which an operating connection isafforded directly with the typewriter key bars and is rendered operableby the attachment of the typewriter to the justifying device.

v A further object of the invention is the provision of justifyingapparatus comprising a compact assembly readily attachable to a standardtypewriter or the like and having a shallow horizontally extendingtypewriter supporting frame portion which afiords a key positioningclosely approximating that of a normal typewriter mounting, and acomparatively narrow vertically extending frame portion that carries thespacing mechanism of the justifying device in a position closelyadjacent the rear of the typewriter.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from thefollowing description, the accompanying drawings and the appendedclaims.

In the drawings, which illustrate a preferred embodiment of theinvention,--

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of the justify- Lug device and atypewriter in operating assem 1y;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the operating member that is engaged bythe typewriter key bars and which serves to actuate the. justifyingdevice;

Fig. 3 is an elevational view of the justifying device alone with thefront portion removed for charms of illustration; the view being takenas indicated by the line 3-1 of Fig. 1; a

cated at 5-5 of Fig. 3 and shows the details of one of the pointers forthe unjustified copyj Fig. 6 is a view in perspective of thereciprocable frame of the justifying device;

Fig. '7 is ahorizontal section as indicated at 1-1 of Pig. 1;

Fig; 8 is a vertical section as indicated by the line 8-4 of Fig. 3; and

Fig. 9 is a vertical sectional view as indicated by the line 9-9 of Fig.7.

The justifying device of the present invention is of such character thatit may be built into a typewriter or the like as an integral partthereof, but in accordance with the preferred embodiment, and asillustrated, it is a separate structure to which an existing completetypewriter may be assembled. In the illustrated embodiment of theinvention, in which like characters of reference designate like partsthroughout the several views thereof, the justifying device is shown ascomprising a frame l0 having a shallow horizontally extending portion iithat is arranged to receive a typewriter thereon in a predeterminedposition of assembly. The frame portion ii has typewriter attachingmeans in the form of extending lugs ii for the reception of screws IIthat threadedly engage the typewriter in the scrwholes which normallyserve for the attachment of the typewriter feet. The usual typewriterfeet, however, are removed, and as the justifier frame portion ii isquite shallow, the

operating position of the typewriter when asmay be readily accommodatedon the frame.

Extending upwardly from the rear of the horizontally extending frameportion Ii and rigid or integral therewith is a vertically extendingframe -or to permit ready replacement so that any one of a number ofstandard typewriting machines portion I! having provision for support ofthe justifying mechanism, which is indicated generally by the numeralit, and for support of an unjustified copy carrier II. The frame portioni5 is quite narrow and lies closely adjacent the rear of the typewriter.

The justifying device incorporates an operating connection to thetypewriter key bars, and a driving connection to the typewriter carriageI! for control of movement thereof. In the justifying device,operatively interconnected between the operating connection and thedriving connection, are adjustably variable spacing means.

The spacing means incorporates adjustments to compensate far variousline shortages and to produce lines justified to a desired one of aplurality ofiineieagths. Havingmadethsminrodadjustments, actuation ofthe operating connection, working through the adjusted spacing means,moves the driving connection and connected typewriter carriage indesired amounts.

Both the operating connection to the key bars and the driving connectionto the typewriter carriage are of such character that they are readilymade upon assembly of a typewriting machine to the frame. The operatingconnection is arranged as a rockable ball 20 which lies within thehorizontal frame portion ii and extends across it beneath the typewriterkey bars which are indicated generally by the numeral 2i. As shown, therockable bail 20 comprises parallel side rails 22 which extend upwardlyat their forward ends and are joined to a cross rail 23 which, in thenormal position of the rocking member,

' lies directly beneath the key bars and is of sumcient lengthtransversely of the typewriting machine to underlie all of the keys,which have to do with a spacing movement, that is, all of the spacing orcharacter keys. The ball 20 is supported on a pivot shaft 24 carried bythe frame II and extending through aligned openings 25 in the side rails22. Toward the rear of the machine the side rails are bent inwardlytoward one another and are together bent to the rear to form arearwardly projecting arm 25 'to which a link I! is pivotally attachedby engagement in an opening 25 formed adjacent the end of the arm 26. Aspring I serves to urge the rockable bail upwardly toward its normalposition.

The cross rail ll lies closely adjacent the key bars so that uponactuation of any one of the named keys the bail '20 is engaged therebyand is caused to rock and thus impart an upward movement to the link 2!which has an operating connection to an escapement mechanism on thejustifying device. The escapement, which may be of any suitablecharacter, is shown to be of that type which is well known in the artand comprises a star wheel to which step-by-st'ep movement is impartedby movement of a rock member. In the present instance the rock member isactuated by movement of the ball 20. As shown, the link 21 is adjustablyconnected to a vertically slidable block 33 having an inclined forwardface 34 that is engaged by the lower portion of the pring D essed rockmember 35 that serves as the escapement release and controls movement ofthe escapement star wheel 36. Reciprocating movement of the link 21rocks the member 35 to release the escapement wheel 35 for movement bythe amount of one space step. A pinion 38 is connected to the star wheeland is in turn enseized by a rack 39 that is supported from thejustifying mechanism. The usual overrunning clutch is provided betweenthe star wheel and the pinion so that free ra'ck movement may occur inone direction while movement in the opposite or feedint g direction isunder control of the escapemen The rack 30, as shown, is supported froma rockable U-shaped member 45 of which the parallel end portions 4|(Fig. 7) are pivotally mounted at 42 on forwardly projecting blocks 43that are fixed to a plate 44. The plate 44 is mounted for slidingmovement in the direction of rack travel upon a member 45 that is shownas a vertically extending plate and which, for simplicity indescription, is referred to as the justifier carriage. As shown, thecarriage 45 has laterally spaced forwardly extending bosses 45 whichthreadedly receive shoulder screws 41 that pass through laterally spacedhorizontally extending slots 48 in theplate 44. The plate is closelyheld except for free sliding movement in the direction of the slots. I

The justifier carriage 45 is supported upon the frame portion l forreciprocating movement in the direction of rack travel. As shown, thecarriage 45 has horizontally extending V rails adjacent the upper andlower edges thereof as indicated at 50 and 5|. The frame i5 has V rails50' and 5| facing oppositely to the carriage rails and spaced therefroman amount sufiicient to receive bearing balls therebetween. A pluralityof balls 52 are positioned between the rails of each of the rail pairsand are maintained in properly spaced relationship by the provision ofsuitable spacing means. The bearing balls are spaced by being looselymounted within star wheels 53 turning on vertical axes of which theteeth engage the teeth of racks positioned on the opposite sides'of eachof the related rail pairs. The racks extend vertically, are laterallyspaced and are positioned so that the teeth overlap in the plane oftravel of the star wheels 53. As shown, the rearward sides of thecarriage rails 50 and 5! have racks 54 while the forward sides of theframe rails 50' and 5! have racks 54 attached thereto as indicated inFig. 1. The proportioning of the pitch diameter of thestar wheels, thediameter of the bearing balls and the arrangement of the rail groovesare such that free rolling movement is afforded while preventing thebearing balls from moving from their properly related positions.

It is the controlled relative movement between the rack supporting plate44 and the justifier carrlage 45 that affords the space change necessaryin the stepped movement of the typewriter carriage to provide justifiedwriting, and mechanism is interposed between the plate and carriage andconnecting these parts so the desired controlled movement may obtain. Inorder that the stepped movement of the movable parts mentioned abovewill be under the control of the escapement they are spring tensioned sothat they are constantly urged toward the left (as viewed in Fig. 3)which is toward the right hand margin of writing. As shown, a springtensioned spool 56, well known in the typewriter art for this purpose,carries a tape 51 that connects at 58 to the carriage 45 to provide thedesired tension through the justifying parts, the plate 44 and raek 39,and the intermeshed pinion 38 through the one way clutch to the starwheel 36 which is thus held against the rock member and therefore maymove to release the parts only upon actuation of the rock member 35 byoperation of the typewriter keys.

Before describing the justifying parts the description will continuewith reference to the driving connection to the typewriter carriage i 9mentioned briefly above as being of such character that the connectionis readily made upon applying a typewriter to the justifying device. Asshown, the justifier carriage 45 has a forwardly projecting arm 50(Figs. 1 and 7) which terminates in a readily replaceable cross bar 6ihaving a plurality of notches 52 therein. The typewriter carriage isprovided with a lug 68 which may be selectively engaged in the desirednotch of the bar 6!. As

shown, the engaging lug 63 is fixed to a rotatableshaft 64 thatismounted on bearing blocks 55 that are attached to the typewritercarriage as, for example, by being fixed to the tabulating bar.

The lug 63 is urged. toward engaging position by provision of a spring61, and may be released by depressing the finger piece 58. The notchside walls are inclined slightly toward one another. This, coupled withthe spring tensioning of the lug, provides a driving interconnectionthat serves discussed in greater detail below and is taken up at thistime merely to point out the driving connection between the justifierand the typewriter.

Referring now to the justifying mechanism, the plate 44 and carriage 45are interconnected and relatively moved each time a key is struck by amember which is controlled or guided by an adjustably variable member.As shown the interconnecting member is constructed as a bell crank I0having its central portion pivotally mounted for rocking movement upon astud 'II that is fixed to and projects from the carriage 45. One end ofthe bell crank 10 is pivotally connected to a stud 12 that is fixed toand projects rearwardly from the plate 44; the stud 12 passing through aclearance opening 13 in the carriage 45. Although the movement of thestud I2 is in a straight line while the bell crank end to which itconnects moves in a curved path about the pivot center 'II the angulartravel of these parts is so small that binding does not occur althoughthe parts are closely held. The opposite end I5 of the bell crank has alaterally projecting stud I8 that rotatably carries a roller H. Theroller engages the adjustably variable member 00 which is shown ascomprising a track including spaced parallel rails 8| that are joinedadjacent one end by connection to a block 82 which in turn is pivotallyconnected at 83 to a bracket 84 fixed to a cross brace 85 of the frameportion I5. The opposite ends of the spaced rails are joined-by aconnecting bar 81. The bar 01 and block 82serve to accurately space therails apart such a distance that the bell crank roller TI is closelyreceived therebetween and, although it is freely slidable therein, nolost motion may occur.

The bell crank moves with the justifier carriage and in moving traversesthe member 80. If this member 80 lies parallel to the direction of car-.

riage movement no rocking movement of the bell crank will occur, andplate 44 and carriage will move the'same amount when a key is de-'pressed. If the member 80 is inclined the bell crank is caused to rockupon the pivot 'II and thus causes relative movement between the racksupporting plate 44 and the justifier carriage 45 during traverse ofthese parts. This relative movement is the justifying increment andmodifies the normal movement of the typewriter carriage produced byactuation of the escapement. In the illustrated embodiment of theinvention the track 80 is inclined upwardly from a normal horizontalposition and when so moved increases the length of the character spacesteps accordingly. vIt is pointed out that the track may, if desired,have a downward inclination in which case the character spaces would beshortened when justifying so that the justified line. length would thenbe something lessthan the longest unjustified line.

To provide for accurate movement of the parts In response to apredetermined positioning of the track member 80 the pivot axis 83, uponwhich the member rocks, is midway between the adjacent faces of thespaced rails and therefore lies in the plane traversed by the bell crankstud axis I6 I in moving along the member 00. To provide for an alignedleft hand margin, which is the position for adjustment of the parts, theparts are so 7 assembled that in the left hand margin position the pivotaxis 03 and the stud axis I6 coincide so that the member 80 may berocked without imparting movement to the bell crank and therefore 80 toestablish a positioning that compensates for line shortage and iscoordinated to the selected one of a plurality of justified linelengths.As shown, a vertically reciprocable frame 9| stands within thesupporting frame portion I5 and con:-

prises side rails 92 having spaced slots 93 for reception of screws 94that engage the frame l5 to slidably guide the frame 9| for rectilinearmovement. The side rails are interconnected by cross members which, asshown, comprise a lower rod 96 and an upper bar 91. The upper bar ispreferably of rectangular cross section. It is calibrated in steps ofnormal character spacing across the front 'face as indicated at 98 andis.correspondingly notched along the lower edge as indicated at 99. Therod and bar serve as supports for a member I00 that is slidable thereonand which has an operating connection to the adjustably variable trackmember 80. As shown, the member I00 comprises a plate like part which isformed at its upper end to overlie the bar 91 as indicated at I02, andis formed at its lower end into two arms that separately encircle therod 96 as indicated at I03. The upper part has latch means to engage thebar and, as shown, this comprises a spring pressed detent I05 thatengages to the lower part thereof, which pivotally carries a block IIIthat engagesthe adjustably variable space controlling member 80. Asshown, the block III is substantially U shaped of which the parallelarms II2 are cut away or notched as indicated at II3 to receive theopposing faces of the spaced rails 8| of the member 80. The pivotalmounting of the block, indicated at H4, is such that the axis ofmovement is midway between the rails 8| and therefore lies in the planetraversed by the bell crank arm pivot I6 as does the pivot axis 83 uponwhich the member 80 rocks. The engagement of the block I l I with thetrack member 80 is such that the block may freely move along the trackbut without lost motion.

For adjusting the positioning of the member 80 to afford a desiredlength of character space and which is fixed to a rotatable shaft IIIextending toward the rear of the machine and having fixed thereto apinion II8 that meshes with a rack II9 that is fixed to the lower end ofthe right hand rail 92 as indicated in Figs. 3 and 6.

The two rails 92, which are the side members of the frame 9i, move inunison by being interconnected by the cross members 96' and 91, and theyare additionally held in proper relationship by a rack and pinioninterconnection. As shown, each rail 92 has a rack portion I22. A' crossshaft I23, rotatable in the frame II, has fixed,

predetermined positioning, and a limit stop pin III is provided that isengageable with spaced shoulders Iii of the segment to limit movement towithin the limits of adjustment.

The notch spacing is such as to provide dwell or stop positions for theframe SI differing from one another by an amount suilicient to provideone character space justification in a line, for each notch. That is,each step movement of the frame alters the angular adjustment of themember III by an amount such that the carriage will traverse a givenline length in one less character step or space. It is apparent thatwhen the member Oil stands horizontal or parallel to the direction ofcarriage movement, there will be no rocking movement of the bell crankand consequently no movement between the rack supporting plate 44 andthe bell crank controlled carriage 45. It will now be apparent thatvertical displacement of the frame 9i controls the amount of totaljustification produced in a line, and that this amount of justificationis nota function of the line length. That is, a line three inches longand three character spaces short of justified line length will requirethe same amount of justification as a line eight inches long that isthree characters short. As shown, the segment has sufficient notches tojustify lines as many as six characters short of justified length.Practice has proven that this is a sufilcient range of adjustment. It isbelieved clear thatthis range may be readily increased if desired.

The amount of justification per character space in a given length lineis a function of the justifled line length "and varies with the, linelength.

' That is, the space change or increment per space required to absorb athree character space shortage in a three inch line is considerablygreater (per character space) than in an eight inch line.

.i'his is compensated for by adjustment of the transversely movablemember III. which is properly positioned by reference to the calibratedscale associated with it. The scale is calibrated in character steps ofnormal length, that is, steps or spaces of a length to which nojustifying increment-is added. For convenience the calibration is setoi! by inches of line length with the zero graduation corresponding tothe left hand margin position of writing. Therefore, having selected thedesired justified line length to which copy is to be written, it is onlynecessary to bring the pointer of the member- I into registration withthe proper graduation of the calibrated scale to obtain ashortagedistribution for the selected line length.

To briefly review, to adjust the device the ment and both are in acommon plane. Further,

the movements of the adjustable track 80, the justifying bell crank 10,the frame 9i and member IIlII all are in parallel vertical planes; the

parts being closely related and occupying but a relative short fore andaft space at the rear of the typewriter. Frame positioning is readilydetermined by provision of an indicator that registers with a graduatedscale that is calibrated in terms of character space shortage. As shown,(Figs. 3 and 6) the right hand rail 92 of the frame 9i has, adjacent'theupper end thereof a bracket I33 terminating in a pointer I34 that isadapted to register with graduations I35 provided on the frame portionI! and spaced according to the movement of the frame from one notchposition of the segment to the next adjacent: this movement, asmentioned above, amounting to one character space of justification perstep.

The establishing of the frame positioning or adjustment of the member 80is further greatly simplified by provision of a carrier for supportingunjustified copy in view of the operator, and provision of indicatingmeans associated with the frame and movable into registration with theend of a line of unjustified copy on the copy carrier, as an index ofthe positioning of the frame that will afford a spacing such that theindicated line will be reproduced to justified length.

As shown, the unjustified copy carrier I'I comprises a roll I" freelyrotatable in the frame portion I 5 and has an operating knob I40accessible at the end thereof. A releasable guide chute I4I isprovided'for directing copy sheets around the roll, and additional guidemeans in the form of rollers I42 are mounted on the chute for support ofthe copy. The chute is shown supported on resilient fingers I43 that areattached to the frame I! as shown at I44. These fingers are tensioned tourge the chute and rollers toward engagement with the roll I". The'chute and rollers may be moved to release position by actuation of thefinger piece I48 which is shown fixed to a shaft I41 extending acrossthe frame and rockable therein. The shaft has cam members I50 positionedto engage the resilient fingers. These cam members are shaped so thatwhen moved from a disengaged position they first engage in a manner thatthe tensioned fingers tend to release them so that upon release of thefinger piece the cams will be forced to disengaged positlon. Furtherengaging movement brings the cam fiats I5I into contact with the fingersto hold the chute disengaged when it is desired to adjust the copytherein. Such an arrangement permits the unjustified copy to beaccurately held for indication of adjusted setting of the machine byregistration of pointers that are associated with the copy carrier andare connected to the frame II.

' As shown, a cross bar II4 has slotted engagement at II. with screwsIS! in the frame ii. The length of the slots I" is sufiicient to permitbar movement to the extent of the total justifying range, or the maximumlength of line shortage. Adjustably mounted on the bar is a pair ofpointers In; two being provided for use where double column matter is tobe typed. As shown,

screw I61 threadedly engages the block and is adapted to bear againstthe-bar to hold the pointer in desired position. Interconnection of thebar I54 with the frame Si is by means of a bell crank I69 which ispivotally mounted at I10 on a bracket I1I extending from the frame I5.One end of the bell crank connects at I12 to the bar and the other endconnects to a stud I13 on the frame bracket I33 that carries theindicator I34. Movement of the frame 9| is thus bar 81.

communicated to the cross bar I54.

To refer now to the operation of the device,

when it is desired .to produce copy written in' justified lines the copyto be so prepared is first written in lines of random length in whichall character spaces are uniform and correspond to the normal spacing ofthe machine. The unjustified copy is then placed in the copy carrier I1and the first line to be written is brought into view and inregistration with the line of travel of the pointers I66. The adjustmentknob H6 is then actuated to bringthe frame !II to theposition of nojustification wherein the adjustable member 86 stands horizontally sothat the machine will write. at normal character spacing. If singlecolumn matter isto be written only the right hand pointer I66 need beadjusted and this is then amxed to the bar I54 in a positioncorrespending to the right hand margin of a line of justified length asmeasured from the left hand margin of the unjustified copy. Tofacilitate adjustment of the machine a designating mark may be placed onthe unjustified copy at the time it is prepared; this mark defining thejustified line length with respect to the left hand margin of the copyand affording a convenient means of locating the pointer I66 uponplacing the copy in the carrier. The member I66 is then moved to aposition corresponding to the justified line length as defined by thecalibrated scale on the Subsequent movement of the knob II6 to move theframe SI and member 80 to a position as defined by registration of thepointer I66 with the end of the unjustified line to be copied willestablish a setting of the machine such that the indicated unjustifiedline will,-upon being rewritten, be reproduced to justified line length.

Regardless of the position that the unjustified copy is to occupy on thesheet when reproduced in justified lines, the writing operation beginsat the left hand margin position of the device wherein the bell crankpivot axis I6 and the pivot axis 83 of the member 80 coincide. This isdone so that all subsequent lines will have a common starting point such.that a spacing adjustment may be made without imparting movement to thejustifier carriage as explained above. As a result the line left handmargins are vertically aligned on the sheet. The justified copy,- whichis produced on the typewriter platen I15, may occupy any position withinthe limits of the platen, that is, the sheet upon which this is to bewritten may be placed to the right or to the left as desired so that themargin of typing will occur a by changing the adjustment of the memberIIIII to the proper line length wherein the left hand margins willcontinue to be aligned or, if it is desired to indent the left handmargins, this may be accomplished by making the above ad' justment andthen re-engaging the driving connection latch 63in the desired one ofthe notches 62 to move the typewriter carriage with respect to thejustifier carriage. In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, thebar 6i containing the' notches 62 shows a notch spacing amounting tobetween the right hand hand group of indenting notches so that difierentgroups of lines may be indented in steps of If desired,

other bars 6| may be substituted having a different and desired notchspacing.

When the machine is to be used for double column writing wherein twolaterally related columns are written, both of which are justified,both'pointers I66 are used and are spaced apart according to the marginspacing of the copy as defined by the distance of the double columnnotches on the bar 6|. As shown, the bar 6| (Fig. 7) is provided with aseries of margin indenting notches adjacent its right hand end and hastwo additional notches I16 adjacent the left hand end. When using themachine for double column work, and after having established thepositioning of the pointers I 66, the machine is justified for writingthe left hand column of the first line by bringing the left hand pointerintov registration with that column line end. This is done with thedriving connection engaging the extreme right hand notch. The left handcolumn is written after which the machine is brought back to the lefthand margin position and the typewriter carriage is then movedindependently of the justifler carriage for engagement of the drivinglatch 63 with the proper column notch I16. Adjustment is then made tobring the right hand pointer into registration with the end of the righthand column of line 1 of the unjustified copy after which this columnline is then reproduced. Here also a wide range of column spacing. maybe provided for by substituting different bars having a desired columnnotch spacing.

In order that the machine may be rapidly traversed in the direction offeeding movement the rack 39 is arranged so that it may be readilylifted from engagement with the escapement pinion 38. As shown, theright hand block 43 pivotally carries a finger piece I86 having anextending inturned portion I 8i that underlies the racksupporting'memberv and which, upon a clockwise movement of the fingerpiece, causes the rack to be lifted against the tension of springs I62that engage. the ends M of the U-shaped rack supporting member and urgethe rack toward engaging position. As explained above, traversingmovement in the direction opposite to that-in which the carriage feedsis obtained by arranging the pinion 38 with a one way drive oroverrunning clutch. Regardless of the direction of traversing movementjustification obtains because the justifying increment occurs betweenthe rack supporting member 44 and the justifier carriage 45. i

As the justifying device is used in conjunction with a typewritingdevice, either by being constructed as an integral part thereof or bybeing arranged as an attached assemblyas illustrated, and as typewritingdevices have margin stops to limit carriage travel, it is unnecessary toprovide the usual margin stops in the justifying device. It does,however, have a safety stop that is eflective between the line lengthslidably adjustable member I00 and the justifier carriage 45 to limitthe justifying travel to amounts within the limits of the machine. Asshown, the slidable member I" which is adjustably positioned by anotched interfltting engagement with the rail 81, has a forwardlyprojecting lug I85 that is positioned to engage a rearwardly projectinglug I" on the carriage 45. The relative positioning of these lugs issuch that they engage when the carriage is moved a slight distance, sayone or two spaces, beyond the distance established by the justified linelength setting of the device, which is to say beyond the justified lineright hand margin position. This stop is primarily effective on shortlines having maxi- -mumjustification where the justified movement perspace step is a maximum and where. if the carriage travel greatlyexceeds the normal stop ping point, damage may result from the movingparts of the device reaching limits of travel such, for example, as thescrews 41 of the justiiier carriage binding in the ends of the slots 48,or similar binding on the pointer bar I54 upon unrestrained travel suchthat the screws I51 reach the ends of the slots I".

It is pointed out that a-typewriter when assembled to the justifier maybe used with or without the justifying mechanism as desired. When usedwith the justifying mechanism the typewriter escapement is renderedinoperative so that the typewriter carriage movement is under control ofthe justifying mechanism of the justifler unit and is actuated inaccordance with the operation of the justiiier escapement and ad- Justedsetting. When so used the typewriter escapement may be readily renderedinoperative by merely providing a latch that will hold the typewriterescapement rack bar in disengaged podtion. When the typewriter is to beused in the normal manner it may be so operated through the justifyingmechanism with the adjustments set to a position of no justification(with the adlusting member ill in horizontal position) or it y beoperated from its own escapement upon rendering the driving connectionto the justifier inoperative. This is accomplished by disengaging thelatch 03 from the typewriter carriage to the justifier carriage. Nochange is required in the operating connection because in no instance.

is there a positive drive connection between the typewriter and thejustifier; it having been pointed out above that the operatingconnection exists by arranging the operating member so that it underliesthe keys and stands closely adjacent thereto so that it is actuated upondepression of 1agiy key and without being directly linked there- It isthought that it will now be clearly appar-. cut that the justifyingdevice of this invention is such that an existing typewriter may bereadfly applied thereto with substantially no changes to the standardtypewriter and that when so assembled it is as convenient to use as whenin its normal position of use. Further, the typewriter when so arrangedis capable of producing justified lines within a wide range of lengthvariation differing from one another by only one space length. Inaddition, the arrangement of the device is such that lines of differentlength may be readily producedon a single sheet with the mar- B nsaligned or indented as desired.

While the form of apparatus herein described constitutes a preferredembodiment of the invention, it is to be understood that the inventionis not limited to this precise form of apparatus, and that changes maybe made therein without departing from the scope of the invention whichis defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A justifying device operable to different justified line lengths andcomprising a movable platen, means for moving the platen by characterspace steps, adjustably variable means for varying the length of acharacter space step and pivotally movable on a fixed mounting to adesired one of a plurality of positions having coordinated relationshipto the unjustified line shortage and to the justified line length,positioning means .engaging the variable spacing means and movable in arectilinear path of travel for the line shortage adjustment and in atransverse rectilinear path for the line length adjustment. and meansfor selectively attaching the platen to the platen moving means at adesired one of a plurality of positions spaced in the direction ofplaten movement.

2. A justifying device operable to different line lengths and comprisinga movable platen, means for moving the platen in character space steps,an angularly adjustable member pivotally movable in a plane and on afixed axis for varying the length of a character space step and movableto a desired one of a plurality of positions having coordinatedrelationship to the unjustified line shortage and the justified linelength, positioning means engaging the angularly adjustable member andmovable in a plurality of paths in a single plane parallel to the planeof movement of said angularly adjustable member. said positioning meansbeing movable in one path to afford adjustment for line shortage andmovable in a transverse path to afford adjustment for line length, andmeans for selectively attaching the platen to the platen moving means ata desired one of a plurality of positions spaced in the direction ofplaten movement.

3. A justifying device operable to different line lengths and comprisinga movable platen, means for moving the platen in character space steps,an angularly adjustable member movable to a desired one of a pluralityof positions having coordinated relationship to the unjustified lineshortage and the justified line length, and positioning means for theangularly adjustable member comprising a reciprocable frame, guide meanscarrying the frame for rectilinear movement to positions of adjustmentfor line shortage, means guided by the frame for rectilinear movementhaving operating attachment to the angularly adjustable member foradjusting-the same in accordance with movement of said frame and movableon the frame transversely to the direction of frame movement foradjusting said angularly adjustable member for a desired line length.

4. A justifying device operable to different line lengths and comprisinga movable platen, means for moving the platen in character space steps,an angularly adjustable member extending transversely of the device andmovable in a plane parallel to the direction of movement of the platento a desired one of a plurality of positions having coordinatedrelationship to the unjustifled line shortage and the justified linelength,

. positioning means for the angularly adjustable member having paths oftravel parallel the plane of movement of the angularly adjustable member comprising a vertically reciprocable frame, guide means carrying theframe for rectilinear movement to positions of adjustment for lineshortage, means guided by the frame for rectilinear movement havingoperating attachment to the angularly adjustable member for adjustingthe same in accordance with vertical movement of said frame and movableon the frame transversely to the direction of frame movement foradjusting said angularly adjustable member for a desired line length.

5. A justifying deviceoperable to different line lengths and comprisinga movable platen, means for moving the platen in character space steps,adjustably variable means for varying the-length of a character spacestep comprising a movable member pivotally supported on a fixed mountingand movable to a desired one of a plurality of positions havingcoordinated relationship to the unjustified line shortage and thejustified line length, and positioning means for the adjustably variablemeans comprising a vertically reciprocable frame, indicating meansassociated with the frame and calibrated in terms of character spacesteps of line shortage as an indication of the adjusted positioning ofsaid frame, transverse guide means on said frame, means adjustablymovable on said guide means, indicating means associated with said guidemeans and callbrated interms of line length as an indication of theadjusted position of said adjustably movable means, said adjustablymovable means operatively engaging the movable member of said adjustablyvariable means for positioning the same.

6. A justifying device operable to different line lengths and comprisinga movable platen, means selectively engageable with the platen at a de;sired one of a plurality of positions spaced in the direction of platenmovement and adapted to move the platen by character space steps,adjustably variable means for varying the length of the character spacestep and movable to a desired one of a plurality of positions havingcoordinated relationship to the unjustified line shortage and to thejustified line length, and positioning means for the adjustably variablemeans comprising a rectilinearily movable frame adjustable to apositioning coordinated to the line shortage, a transverse cross rail onsaid frame, a member adjustably movable on said cross rail, said crossrail being calibrated 'by character spaces in terms of justified linelength and having positioning notches corresponding to the calibrationsthereon, means on the adjustably movable member 'engageable with therail notches as a means of positioning the member on said, rail, saidadjustably movable member operatively engaging said adjustably variablemeans for operating the same.

7. A justifying device operable to different line lengths and comprisinga movable platen, means for moving the platen by character space steps,adjustably variable means comprising a pivotally supported track forvarying the. length of a character space step and movable to a desiredone of a plurality of positions having coordinated relationship to theunjustified line shortage and the justified line length, said trackcomprising spaced parallel rails, means operatively connecting the trackand platen having engagement with adjacent faces of the spaced rails,and positioning means for the track comprising a frame movable in astraight path to different predetermined positions coordinated with theamount of line shortage; transverse guiden eans on said frame, slidablemeans adjustably slfdable on the desired one of a plurality ofpositionings having coordinated relationship to the unjustified lineshortage and to the justified line length, and positioning means for theadjustably variable means comprising a vertically reciprocable framehaving laterally spaced vertically extending side members, a rack oneach of said side members, a cross shaft, pinions fixed to said crossshaft and engaging each of said racks and affording an operatinginterconnection of the side members for movement thereof in unison, anda control shaft having an operating knob thereon for adjustment of theframe to compensate for line shortage, and means adjustably mounted onthe frame and movable transversely of the side members to a position ofadjustment compensating for-line length, said adjustably mounted meanshaving an operating connection to said adjustably variable means.

9. A justifying device operable to different line lengths attachable -toa typewriter having a movable platen and movable key bars. said devicecomprising a frame having attaching means for affixing a typewriterthereto, .an escapement, means'movable in character space steps byactuation of said escapement, means for varying the extent of acharacter space step movement of said movable means, means on the framemovable directly by any of the typewriter key bars to operate saidescapement, and a driving connection on the movable means attachable tothe typewriter platen for controlling movement thereof.

10. A justifying device operable to different line lengths attachable toa typewriter having a movable platen and movable key bars, said devicecomprising a frame having a horizontally extending portion provided withattaching means for aflixing a typewriter thereon, an escapement, meansmovable in character space steps by actuation of said escapement, meansfor varying the extent of a character space step movement of saidmovable means, means rockably mounted on the frame underlying thetypewriter key bars and operated by the typewriter key bars uponactuation thereof to operate the escapement, and a driving connectiononthe movable means attachable to the typewriter platen.

11. A justifying device operable to different line' lengths andattachable to a typewriter having a movable platen and movable key bars,said device comprising a frame having a horizontally extending portionwith attaching means thereon for fixedly mounting a typewriter, a frameportion extending upwardly from the rear of the horizontally extendingframe portion, an adjustably variable spacing means movable by characterspace steps and carried by said upwardly extending portion, meansmovablymounted on the horizontally extending frame portion for operatingsaid spacing means and positioned for actuation by direct engagement ofthe key bars upon movement thereof, and a driving connection from thespacing means to the typewriter platen.

12. A justifying device operable to different line lengths andattachable to a typewriter having a movable platen and movable key bars,said device comprising a frame having a shallow horizontally extendingportion with attaching means thereon for reception of a typewriter by avertical downward movement thereon, a frame portion extending upwardlyfrom the rear of the horizontally extending frame portion, said upwardlyextending frame portion lying closely adjacent the rear part of anattached typewriter, adjustably variable spacing means movable bycharacter space steps and carried by said upwardly extending portion,positioning means for the variable spacing means comprising a membermovably supported on the upwardly extending frame portion and havingplanar movement in transverse paths of travel, one path of travelestablishing positions of adjustment to compensate for line shortage andthe other path of travel providing positions of adjustment coordinatedto the justified line length, means movably mounted on the horizontallyextending frame portion for operating said spacing means and positionedbeneath the key bars for actuation by engagement of the key bars uponmovement thereof, and a driving connection from the spacing means to thetypewriter platen.

13. A justifying device operable to different line lengths andattachable to a typewriter having a movable platen and movable key bars,said device comprising a substantially L-shaped frame having a shallowhorizontally extending portion with attaching means thereon forreception of a typewriter thereon and a frame portion extending upwardlyfrom the rear of the horizontally extending frame portion, adjustablyvariable spacing means movable by character space steps and carried bysaid upwardly extending portion, means movably mounted on thehorizontally extending frame portion for operating said spacing meansand positioned beneath the key bars for actuation by direct engagementof any of the key bars upon movement thereof, a driving connection fromthe spacing means to the typewriter platen, said upwardly extendingframe portion lying closely adjacent the rear part of an attachedtypewriter, holding means for unjustified copy positioned adjacent theupper portion of said upwardly extendingframe portion, and meansoperatively attached to the adjustably variable spacing means andmovable to registration with a line end of copy supported in the holdingmeans as an index of adjustment of the variable spacing means.

14. A justifyingdevice operable to different line lengths and attachableto a typewriter having a movable platen and movable type carriers, saiddevice comprising a unitary structure having attaching means foraflixing a typewriter thereto and having adjustably variable spacingmeans movable by character space steps, and connecting means selectivelyengaging the spacing means to the platen at a desired one of a pluralityof positions spaced in the direction of platen movement for lateraldisplacement of characters on the platen.

15. A justifying device attachable to a typewriter having a movableplaten, movable type carriers and operating means therefore, said devicecomprising a unitary structure having attaching means for affixing atypewriter thereto and having adjustably variable spacing me -movable bycharacter space steps, actuating means for the adjustably variablespacing means having a predetermined position on said device and adaptedupon attachment of a typewriter to operatively engage the type carrieractuating means for operation thereby, and a driving connection on thedevice for engagement of the spacing means to the typewriter platen.

16. A justifying device attachable to a typewriter having a movableplaten, movable type carriers and operating means therefor, said devicecomprising a frame having a shallow hori zontally extending portionadapted to underlie a typewriter and having attaching means forreception of a typewriter, an upwardly extending frame portion havingmounted thereon adjustably variable spacing means movable by characterspace steps, actuating means for the adjustably variable spacing meansadapted upon attachment of a typewriter to the device to operativelyengage the type carrier actuating means for operation thereby, and adriving connection on the device for engagement of the spacing means tothe typewriter platen.

17. A justifying mechanism comprising a movable platen, means for movingthe platen by character space steps, adjustably variable means forvarying the length of character space steps and movable to a desired oneof a plurality of positions, said adjustably variable means comprisingparallel spaced rails, means pivotally supporting said rails on an axisextending perpendicularly to and intermediate said rails, meansoperatively connecting the adjustably variable means and said platenhaving engagement with the adjacent faces of said rails, positioningmeans for the adjustably variable means comprising a body portionmovable to a desired one of a plurality of positions, a member pivotallyconnected to said body portion overlying and engaging opposite faces ofsaid rails, the pivot axis of said pivotally connected member extendingperpendicularly to and intermediate said rails.

18. A justifying mechanism operable to different justified line lengthsand comprising a movable platen, means for moving the platen bycharacter space steps, adjustably variable means for varying the lengthof a character space step and movable to a desired one of a plurality ofpositions having coordinated relationship to the unjustified lineshortage and to the justified line length, a copy carrier to holdunjustified copy in predetermined position, means having an operatingconnection to the adjustably variable means and directly registerablewith a random length line of the copy in the copy carrier as an index ofadjustment of the adjustably variable means in terms of unjustified lineshortage to reproduce that line in justified spacing, and adjustablemeans for modifying the indexing action of the directly registerablemeans in accordance with the justified line length.

19. A justifying mechanism operable to different justified line lengthsand comprising a movable platen, means for moving the platen bycharacter space steps, adjustably variable means for varying the lengthof a character space step and movable to a desired one of a plurality ofpositions having coordinated relationship to the unjustified lineshortage and to the justified line length, a copy carrier to holdunjustified copy, indicating means extending toward the copy carrier andmovable into registration with unjustified line end, means connectingthe indi-- eating means and the adjustably variable means forestablishing a positioning of the adjustably variable means coordinatedto the un'justifled line shortage, and adjustable means in saidconnecting means for modifying the positioning of the adjustablyvariable means in accordance with the justified line length.

20. A justifying mechanism operable to different justified line lengthsand comprising a movable platen, means for moving the platen bycharacter space steps, adjustabiy variable means for varying the lengthof a character space step and movable to a desired one of a plurality ofpositions having coordinated relationship to the unjustified lineshortage and to the justified line length, a copy carrier to holdunjustified copy, indicating means extending toward the copy carrier.and movable into registration with an unjustified line end, meansconnecting the indicating means and the adjustably variable means forestablishing a positioning of the adjustably variable means coordinatedto the unjustified line shortage, and adjustable means in saidconnecting means for modifying the positioning of theadjustably variablemeans in accordance with the justified line length, said adjustablemeans comprising a scale calibrated in terms of character spaces ofjustified line length, and means for fixing the positioning of theadjustable means at a scale indication of the desired justified linelength.

21. A justifying mechanism operable to different line lengths andcomprising a movable platen, means for moving the platen by characterspace steps, adjustably variable means for varying the length of acharacter space step and movable to a desired one of a plurality ofpositions having coordinated relationship to the unjustified lineshortage and to the justified line length, indicating means movable toestablish the positioning of the adjustably variable means,

means connecting the indicating means and adjustably variable means formovement of the latter in terms of unjustified line shortage, saidconnecting means having adjustable means for modifying movement of theadjustably variable means in accordance with the justified line length.

2 2. A justifying mechanism operable to different line lengths andcomprising a movable platen, means for moving the platen by characterspace steps, adjustably variable means for varying the length of acharacter space step and movable to a desired one of a plurality ofpositions having coordinated relationship to the unjustified lineshortage and to the justifled line length, indicating means movable toestablish the positioning of the adjustably variable means, stop meansfor the indicating meansdefining stop positions in steps of unjustifiedcharacter spaces, means connecting the indicating means and adjustablyvariable means for movement of the latter in terms of unjustified lineshortage, said connecting means having adjustable means for modifyingmovement of the adjustably variable means in accordance with thejustifled line length.

23. A justifying device operable to different line lengths andcomprising a movable platen, means for moving the platen by characterspace steps, adjustably variable means for varying the length of. thecharacter space step and movable to a desired one of a plurality ofpositionings having coordinated relationship to the unjustified -lineshortage and to the J'ustifled line length, and positioning means forthe adiustably variable means comprising a frame, guide means carryingthe frame for vertical reciprocable movement, a control shaft, saidshaft having an operating connection to the frame and having a controlknob thereon for adjustment of the frame to compensate for lineshortage, and means adjustably mounted on the frame and movable thereontransversely of the direction of frame travel to a position ofadjustment compensating for line length, said adjustably mounted meanshaving an operating connection to said adjustably variable means. i

24. A justifying device operable to diiferent line lengths comprisingplaten moving means movable in character space steps for actuation of aplaten, adjustably variable means for effecting a character space stepof desired length and adjustable to a desired position coordinated totheline shortage and the desired justifled line length, a movable memberoperatively connected to the adjustably variable means and movableparallel to the directionof travel of the-platen moving means'toa-desired fixed position to establish the line length adjustment of theadjustably variable means, and stop means effective .between the platenmoving means and the said movable member to arrest movement of theplaten moving means.

25. A justifying device operable to give justified line lengths andcomprising a movable platen, means for moving the platen by characterspace steps, adjustably variable means for varying the length of thecharacter space step and movable to a desired one of a plurality ofpositions having coordinated relationship to the unjustified lineshortage and to the justified line length and comprising a track havinga pivotal support for swinging movement in one plane, means operablealong said track and having connection to the movable platen, andpositioning means for the track comprising a reciprocable frame, guide.means carrying the frame for rectilinear movement parallel to the planeof movement of the track, means guided by the frame for rectilinearmovement parallel to the plane of movement of the track and in adirection transverse to the direction of movement of the frame, and anoperating attachment between said last mentioned means and the track andhaving movement in one direction to adjust the track for unjustifiedline shortage and having movement in a second direction to adjustthetrack, for justified line length.

EDWARD C. WELLS.

CERTIFICATE OF ,vcbmc'wmn. mung .no. -2,112,9l.2.j April-"5 19 s,-

mam-Rue; WELLS.

Itia hereby-certified thilt errpr appear-a in-th'e printedapec'ii'ieetion or the above numbered pateni; Inquiring cei'rection ararollbivai i, gecond column, 11ne'53, for the ivord. "rim! i ead reraige5, 'aecond cplfim; line 12, for "hammam" readhand; after- "calibrated?insert "the peint 6f the mevahle member; and that the 's'a-icl-LetteraPatent 'be reee withthe e6 erreetions therein that the game inaLyconform to the record er the ease in the Patentfoffice.

Signed and sealed. this 51at.day of May, A. D. 1958.

, Henry van: Arman,

(Seal) Actingflpmmis s ioner of Patents.

page, 7,,f1r se colmnn, line 271-28, elaim 5, nerds with respect t6 thepiqr'nizalsuppert,

